The primary driver of temperature fluctuations in ecosystems is the balance of energy input from the sun and energy lost to space. Natural factors such as seasons, geographical location, and climate patterns play significant roles. Additionally, human influences, such as greenhouse gas emissions, can exacerbate these fluctuations by altering the natural energy balance, leading to issues like global warming. These temperature changes can affect species distributions, ecosystem productivity, and overall biodiversity, underscoring the need to understand temperature dynamics for effective environmental management.