The primary component of the nephron in kidney function is the glomerulus. This vital structure facilitates the filtration of blood, allowing waste products and excess substances to be excreted while retaining essential nutrients and water. The nephron consists of a renal corpuscle, where the glomerulus is located, and a renal tubule, responsible for further processing of the filtrate. Efficient nephron function is crucial for maintaining overall homeostasis in the body, regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure.