The primary cause of habitat degradation in river ecosystems is the alteration of natural hydrology due to urbanization, agriculture, and industrial practices. These changes disrupt the balance of river systems, leading to erosion, sedimentation, and pollution. The introduction of nutrients and contaminants from runoff further compromises water quality, harming aquatic habitats and biodiversity. Effective management and restoration of river ecosystems require collaborative efforts to rehabilitate natural flows, filter pollutants, and protect surrounding habitats, ensuring the health of these vital ecosystems.