The primary cause of air pollution in urban areas is the emission of pollutants from vehicles, industrial facilities, and construction activities. These sources release numerous harmful substances, including nitrogen oxides, particulates, and volatile organic compounds. Urban environments, characterized by high population density and traffic congestion, exacerbate these emissions, leading to poor air quality. The resulting air pollution affects public health, contributing to respiratory diseases and cardiovascular issues, while also impacting the environment and contributing to phenomena like acid rain and climate change.