The phenomenon called when light bends as it passes through different mediums is known as refraction. This occurs because light travels at different speeds in different materials, leading to a change in its direction. Refraction is responsible for various optical phenomena, such as the bending of a straw in a glass of water or the formation of rainbows. Understanding refraction is essential in fields such as optics, where it is utilized in designing lenses, glasses, and various optical devices, enhancing our ability to manipulate light for practical applications and technologies.