The geological layer where earthquakes occur is called the lithosphere, specifically in the fault lines located within it. Earthquakes often arise from the movement of tectonic plates that release energy accumulated over time. These events create seismic waves, which are vital for understanding the structure and behavior of the Earth. Monitoring these earthquakes helps scientists assess risks and develop strategies for disaster preparedness. The focus is often on areas known as seismic zones, where historical data indicates significant activity.