The name for the part of the neuron that receives signals is called the dendrite. Dendrites are branching extensions that project from the neuronal cell body. They serve as the main sites for receiving incoming signals from other neurons, including neurotransmitters released at synapses. This information is then integrated and transmitted through the neuron via the axon. Dendrites play a crucial role in neural communication and information processing within the nervous system, contributing to learning, memory, and overall brain function.