The main role of the thyroid gland is to regulate metabolism by producing hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones influence the rate of energy expenditure in the body, affecting physiological processes such as growth, development, and body temperature regulation. The thyroid gland is located in the neck and often responds to signals from the pituitary gland, which releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Proper thyroid function is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and overall health.