The main purpose of the ribosome is to synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences into amino acid chains. Ribosomes can be found freely floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming rough ER. During translation, ribosomes read the codons on mRNA and align transfer RNA (tRNA) carrying specific amino acids. By linking amino acids in the correct order, ribosomes play a crucial role in assembling proteins that contribute to various cell functions, including enzymatic actions, structure, and signaling pathways.