The main factor influencing climate variability is the interplay between natural and anthropogenic forces, including solar radiation, volcanic activity, and greenhouse gas emissions. Variability is often influenced by cycles such as El Niño and La Niña, which affect weather patterns globally. Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and land-use changes, have intensified these variations, leading to a warmer climate and increased frequency of extreme weather events. Understanding these factors is crucial for predicting future climate trends and for developing strategies to mitigate adverse effects.