The long-term ecological impact of large-scale deforestation includes loss of biodiversity, habitat fragmentation, and alterations to the climate. Deforestation decreases the availability of habitats for many species, leading to extinction and reduced genetic diversity. It disrupts water cycles and contributes to soil erosion, further complicating land management. Additionally, deforestation releases significant amounts of stored carbon into the atmosphere, exacerbating climate change. The cumulative effects threaten ecosystem functionality and resilience, making it crucial to implement sustainable forest management and restoration practices for future ecological health.