Urbanization impacts local river systems by increasing runoff, reducing natural filtration, and altering flow patterns. It leads to the destruction of wetlands that naturally absorb stormwater, resulting in increased flooding and erosion. Additionally, urban areas often introduce pollutants such as heavy metals and chemicals into rivers, degrading water quality and harming aquatic life. Habitat fragmentation occurs due to the development of roads and buildings, isolating wildlife populations and diminishing biodiversity. Overall, these changes compromise the ecological integrity and health of river ecosystems.