Urbanization significantly disrupts local flora and fauna. As cities expand, natural habitats are often replaced with buildings and infrastructure, leading to habitat loss. This results in diminished biodiversity and affects species survival. Some urban-adapted species thrive, while others face increased competition and stress. Additionally, pollution and human activity can degrade the remaining habitats, further threatening native species. Urbanization often leads to fragmented ecosystems, making it challenging for organisms to find mates, food, and shelter. Ultimately, this shift may cause changes in species composition and functions within ecosystems, impacting their resilience.