Human activity significantly impacts ecosystems through various mechanisms, such as habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. Deforestation, urbanization, and industrial practices lead to fragmentation and loss of natural habitats, threatening biodiversity. Moreover, the introduction of pollutants into air, water, and soil alters environmental conditions, affecting the health of ecosystems and species. Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, results in altered weather patterns and habitat shifts, further disrupting ecosystems. The cumulative effects of these activities can lead to species extinction and diminished ecosystem services vital for human survival.