Genetic modification significantly impacts agricultural sustainability by enhancing crop traits such as yield, disease resistance, and environmental tolerance. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can reduce the need for chemical inputs, leading to lower environmental impacts and potentially higher profits for farmers. However, concerns exist regarding biodiversity loss, potential health risks, and the domination of seed markets by large corporations. Striking a balance between the benefits of GMOs and the need for sustainable practices is crucial to ensure long-term agricultural productivity without compromising ecosystems.