Carotenoid pigments in plants play an essential role in photosynthesis by capturing light energy and transferring it to chlorophyll. They also protect plants from oxidative damage by acting as antioxidants. Additionally, carotenoids contribute to the coloration of fruits and flowers, which aids in pollination and seed dispersal by attracting pollinators. Overall, carotenoids are crucial not only for energy conversion but also for the survival and reproductive success of plants.