The function of a neuron's axon is to transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons, muscles, or glands. Axons facilitate communication within the nervous system by conducting signals called action potentials over long distances. They can vary in length and may be myelinated, enhancing impulse speed. The axon's terminal branches release neurotransmitters at synapses, allowing communication between neurons. This essential function ensures coordination of bodily functions and responses to stimuli.