The focus of ecology within the biological sciences is to study the relationships between organisms and their environments. This includes investigating interactions among species, their adaptations to environmental factors, and the flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems. Ecology encompasses various sub-disciplines, such as population ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology, each examining different aspects of biological interactions. By understanding these relationships, ecologists can assess ecosystem health, inform conservation strategies, and address the impacts of human activity on natural systems, providing insights into sustainable management of our planet's resources.