The effect of toxins on biological systems can be profoundly detrimental, disrupting normal cellular functions and physiological processes. Toxins can interfere with enzymatic activity, damage cell membranes, and cause mutations in genetic material. They may lead to acute symptoms or chronic diseases, depending on exposure levels and the specific toxin. For example, heavy metals can accumulate in organisms, resulting in toxic effects on the nervous and immune systems. Understanding these impacts is vital for developing strategies to mitigate environmental and health risks associated with toxic substances.