Greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a gradual increase in global temperatures. This rise results in changes to climate patterns, such as more frequent and severe weather events, melting polar ice, and rising sea levels. The accumulation of greenhouse gases has intensified since the Industrial Revolution, primarily due to human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is crucial for mitigating climate change and protecting ecosystems and human societies.