A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun, temporarily obstructing the view of the sun from certain locations on Earth. There are three main types of solar eclipses: total, partial, and annular, each characterized by the extent to which the sun is obscured. Total solar eclipses, where the moon completely covers the sun, are rare and offer unique opportunities for scientific observation. Solar eclipses are significant events that have captured human attention and have been studied throughout history.