The chemical process occurring in the liver to produce glucose is called gluconeogenesis. This metabolic pathway generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, glycerol, and lactate. Gluconeogenesis is crucial during fasting or low-carbohydrate intake, ensuring a stable supply of glucose for energy, especially for neurons and red blood cells that rely heavily on it. This process ultimately plays an essential role in maintaining blood sugar levels homeostasis.