The biological role of ribosomes is crucial for protein synthesis. These cellular structures translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptides, which then fold into functional proteins. Ribosomes can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming a rough ER. Their ability to produce proteins enables cells to carry out various functions, such as enzyme production, cellular repair, and cell signaling. Ultimately, ribosomes are essential for cellular function and maintaining life.