The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses and communicate information throughout the body. Each neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites (which receive signals), and an axon (which sends signals). These cells play a vital role in processing and transmitting information related to sensory input, motor coordination, and cognitive functions. Neurons communicate with each other via synapses, forming complex networks that underlie all nervous system activities and behaviors.