The basic function of the ribosome is to synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains. Ribosomes facilitate the decoding of the mRNA sequence by coordinating the binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that carry specific amino acids. This translation process is essential for gene expression, allowing cells to produce the proteins required for various functions, including structural roles, enzymatic activities, and signaling processes. Ribosomes can be found free in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, underscoring their crucial role in the cellular machinery.