Photosynthesis is primarily responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy within ecosystems, making it a foundational process for life on Earth. During photosynthesis, plants, algae, and certain bacteria absorb sunlight and convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This transformation not only creates energy-rich organic compounds that fuel growth and metabolism but also produces oxygen as a byproduct, vital for aerobic organisms. Photosynthesis underpins food chains, supporting herbivores and, in turn, carnivores, illustrating its critical role in ecological energy flow and the balance of life.