Biodiversity hotspots are regions characterized by a high level of species diversity and a significant number of endemic species, meaning species that are not found anywhere else in the world. These areas face threats from human activities, such as deforestation, pollution, and urbanization. Conservation efforts focus on biodiversity hotspots to protect these biologically rich regions that are crucial for ecosystem health and stability. Preserving biodiversity supports essential ecological functions, including pollination, soil fertility, and climate regulation.