Genetic engineering is a biotechnological process that involves manipulating an organism's DNA to introduce or alter specific traits. This is achieved through techniques such as gene cloning, CRISPR, and transgenics. The application of genetic engineering spans various fields, including agriculture, medicine, and research. In agriculture, it is used to create crops with improved resistance to pests, diseases, or environmental conditions. In medicine, genetic engineering can lead to innovative treatments for genetic disorders and advancements in pharmaceuticals, making it a powerful tool in modern science.