An adaptation is a characteristic or trait that has evolved in a species to enhance its chances of survival and reproduction in a specific environment. Adaptations can be structural, physiological, or behavioral, enabling organisms to cope with various challenges such as climate, food availability, and predation. For example, the thick fur of arctic foxes provides insulation in cold climates, while the long neck of a giraffe allows it to reach high foliage. Studying adaptations is vital for understanding evolutionary processes and the relationship between organisms and their habitats.