In scientific research, a model is an abstract, conceptual, or physical representation of a system or phenomenon. Models are utilized to simplify complex reality, allowing scientists to analyze, predict, and understand various processes. They can take different forms, such as mathematical equations, computer simulations, or physical prototypes. By using models, researchers can test hypotheses and explore scenarios that may be difficult or impossible to study directly. The development and refinement of models are fundamental in advancing knowledge and fostering breakthroughs across disciplines, from biology to physics and social sciences.