A demographic transition refers to a theoretical model that describes the transition of a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as it develops economically. The model typically comprises four or five stages. Initially, in Stage 1, both birth and death rates are high, leading to a stable population. As society advances (Stages 2 to 3), healthcare improves, causing death rates to drop while birth rates remain high. Eventually, in later stages, birth rates also decrease, leading to population stability. Understanding this transition is critical for analyzing population growth and planning for societal needs.