The fields of science that study the interactions of animals with their environment are primarily ecology and ethology. Ecology focuses on how animals interact with each other and their physical surroundings, examining ecosystems, food webs, and population dynamics. Ethology, on the other hand, studies animal behavior in various contexts, including their responses to environmental stimuli. Research in these fields helps understand how species adapt to their environments and the impacts of human activity on ecosystems, ultimately guiding conservation efforts and wildlife management.