Factors that contribute to the heating of the Earth's surface include solar radiation, greenhouse gases, and geothermal heat. Solar radiation is the primary source of energy, warming the surface atmosphere and oceans. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat within the atmosphere, enhancing the greenhouse effect and contributing to rising global temperatures. Additionally, geothermal heat emanating from the Earth's core plays a role, especially in volcanic and tectonic areas. Understanding these factors is crucial in climate science and environmental studies.