The process by which light is absorbed and converted to chemical energy in plants is known as photosynthesis. This biochemical process occurs primarily in chloroplasts, utilizing sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for plant growth and survival, acting as the foundation of most food webs by supplying energy to plants, which are then consumed by other organisms. Additionally, photosynthesis plays a critical role in regulating atmosphere composition and supporting life on Earth.