The procedure for refining metals from ores is known as smelting. This process involves heating the ore to high temperatures to separate metal from impurities. Smelting typically requires reducing agents, such as carbon, to convert metal oxides into the pure metal. Various techniques are used depending on the type of metal and ore, including pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Refining metals through smelting is a critical aspect of the metallurgy industry, enabling the extraction and production of valuable metal materials for various applications.