The types of symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. In mutualism, both species benefit, such as bees pollinating flowers while obtaining nectar. Commensalism involves one species benefiting while the other is unaffected, like barnacles attaching to whales. Parasitism, in contrast, involves one organism benefiting at the expense of another, as seen in tapeworms that live in the intestines of their hosts. Understanding these relationships helps in the study of ecological interactions and the health of ecosystems, highlighting the interconnectedness of species.