The two main branches of biological classification are taxonomy and phylogenetics. Taxonomy focuses on the identification, naming, and categorization of organisms into hierarchical groups such as kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Phylogenetics, on the other hand, analyzes the evolutionary relationships among species, often depicted as phylogenetic trees. Together, they form the foundation for understanding the diversity and evolution of life on Earth through scientific nomenclature and evolutionary lineage.