The two branches of evolutionary biology that focus on the mechanisms of evolution and the patterns of biodiversity are microevolution and macroevolution. Microevolution examines small-scale changes in population genetics and traits over short time frames, often driven by natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation. In contrast, macroevolution deals with large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over extensive periods, leading to the emergence of new species and higher taxonomic groups. Together, these branches provide a comprehensive understanding of how evolution shapes the diversity of life on Earth.