The primary factors influencing climate include solar radiation, altitude, vegetation, and ocean currents. Solar radiation determines the amount of heat energy received by the Earth, directly affecting temperature and weather patterns. Altitude plays a role in climate variations; higher elevations tend to be cooler and can receive more precipitation. Vegetation influences local humidity and temperature by affecting evapotranspiration. Ocean currents, driven by wind and the Earth’s rotation, distribute heat across the globe, impacting regional climates and weather systems, such as El Niño and La Niña.