The primary components of the nitrogen cycle include nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification. Nitrogen fixation occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonia by bacteria. Nitrification transforms ammonia into nitrites and nitrates, which plants can absorb. Denitrification returns nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrates back into nitrogen gas, while ammonification involves the decomposition of organic matter, releasing ammonia into the soil. Together, these processes ensure nitrogen availability for living organisms, supporting growth and ecosystem balance.