Key differences between innate and adaptive immunity include their mechanisms and responsiveness. Innate immunity is the body’s first line of defense, providing a rapid and non-specific response through barriers (like skin) and immune cells (such as macrophages). In contrast, adaptive immunity develops over time and is highly specific, involving B cells and T cells that recognize specific pathogens. Moreover, adaptive immunity has a memory component, allowing for a quicker and more potent response upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen.