The key components of a balanced ecosystem include biodiversity, energy flow, and nutrient cycling. Biodiversity encompasses various species that interact and contribute to ecosystem stability. Energy flow describes how energy from the sun is captured by producers and transferred through consumers and decomposers. Nutrient cycling involves the movement of essential elements through biotic and abiotic components, ensuring the availability of resources for organisms. Together, these components support ecosystem resilience and functionality, enabling it to withstand environmental changes and maintain health.