Pollution has significant adverse effects on biodiversity by disrupting ecosystems and threatening species survival. Various pollutants, including chemicals, heavy metals, and plastics, can cause habitat degradation, water contamination, and soil infertility. Exposure to these harmful substances can lead to declines in population and reproductive failures among many species, instigating bioaccumulation and biomagnification of toxins in food webs. Ultimately, pollution diminishes genetic diversity and alters species interactions, posing threats to ecosystem resilience and the sustainability of natural resources.