In geology, molten rock beneath the Earth's surface is referred to as magma. When magma rises to the surface, it is called lava, which solidifies into igneous rock upon cooling. The movement and solidification of magma play significant roles in shaping the Earth's lithosphere, contributing to volcanic activity and mountain formation. Studying magma is essential in understanding volcanic eruptions and the geological processes that create various landforms, as well as their implications for natural disasters and landscape evolution.