In geology, the term describing a naturally occurring inorganic solid is a mineral. Minerals have a defined chemical composition and crystal structure, distinguishing them from other natural substances. They form through various geological processes, including cooling magma, precipitation, and metamorphism. Minerals are fundamental to Earth's structure and play essential roles in various applications, from construction materials to gemstones and industrial uses. The study of minerals is critical for understanding mineralogy, geology, and Earth’s resources.