Niccolò Machiavelli is often referred to as the "father of modern politics." His seminal work, The Prince, published in the early 16th century, presents a pragmatic approach to political power and statecraft. Machiavelli's ideas emphasize the importance of effective leadership and the often harsh reality of political life, separating ethics from political action. His insights laid the groundwork for subsequent political theory, influencing thinkers and leaders throughout history and contributing to the evolution of realpolitik.