Carl Marx is often considered the founder of modern socialism due to his critical analysis of capitalism and advocacy for collective ownership of the means of production. His writings, particularly "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital," highlight issues of class struggle and economic inequality. Marx envisioned a classless society where resources are shared equitably, contrasting sharply with capitalist models that emphasize individual profit and competition. His ideas laid the groundwork for various socialist movements and political theories aiming to address social injustices and empower the working class.