The political theory that emphasizes the importance of individual liberties is known as liberalism. This ideology champions personal freedom, rights, and autonomy, positing that the protection of individual rights is essential for a just society. Liberal theorists, such as John Locke and John Stuart Mill, argue that government should exist primarily to safeguard these freedoms, thereby limiting state power. Individual liberty is seen not only as a fundamental human right but also as a prerequisite for social and political progress, fostering an environment in which individuals can express themselves and pursue their interests without undue interference.