The political theory that emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms is known as liberalism. This ideology prioritizes personal autonomy, advocating for economic freedom, civil liberties, and political expression as fundamental rights. It supports the idea that individuals should have the liberty to pursue their personal interests free from excessive government intervention. Classical liberalism argues for limited government and an emphasis on market economies, while modern liberalism focuses on social justice and equality. Intellectual figures such as John Locke and John Stuart Mill have significantly shaped this theory, promoting the notion of the inherent worth of the individual.