Mechanisms that ensure transparency in governance include open data initiatives, freedom of information laws, and public accountability measures. Open data allows for public access to government information, fostering a culture of transparency and enabling scrutiny of public officials. Freedom of information laws empower citizens to request documents and records, promoting accountability. Additionally, independent oversight bodies, such as ombudsmen or ethics commissions, help monitor government actions. Together, these mechanisms strengthen public trust and encourage civic participation by holding officials accountable for their actions.